Sounds to me like you just want to use your camera phone to take 360’s and nothing else.
If that is the case some Android cameras come with that capability, there are also apps you can get and Google Street view will let you make a photo sphere. Good chance you’re going to have a lot of stitching errors.
You’re much better off buying a 360 camera. I have several. If you want the best quality a Theta Z1 is the way to go. If you need to use it in water I would suggest a Insta360.
Theta is great but not designed for action shots.